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Ballot Explained

Judicial office

What does a trial court judge do?

The judge who presides over criminal trials, civil disputes, and family court in your area.

Level
Judicial
Term
4 to 8 years, varying by state
On ballot
Nov 3, 2026

What this office controls

  • Presides over trials and rules on evidence and motions.
  • Sets bail and pretrial release conditions.
  • Imposes sentences within statutory ranges.
  • Decides custody, divorce, and protective-order matters in family court.
  • Issues search and arrest warrants.

What it can’t do

Just as important, and the source of most misplaced expectations about the job:

  • Bound by sentencing ranges the legislature sets.
  • Decisions can be overturned on appeal.
  • Cannot decide which cases are brought — prosecutors and litigants do.

Why this race matters

Trial judges make the decisions people actually encounter: whether someone waits for trial in jail, who gets custody of a child, whether an eviction proceeds. These are among the least-researched races on any ballot.

What to look for in a candidate

  • Courtroom experience and areas of practice.
  • Bar association ratings and peer evaluations.
  • Any public disciplinary record.
  • Judicial temperament as described by practicing attorneys.

Is this office on your ballot?

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Sources

1 source

What this office does is set by state and local law, which varies. These sources document the general structure; your state's own statutes govern.

  1. T2
    Census of Governments

    U.S. Census Bureau · Government record

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